3 Monthly Profit Bearing Sanchayapatra [ ৩ মাস অন্তর মুনাফাভিত্তিক সঞ্চয়পত্র ] (Tin Mash Antar Munafa Vittik 3-Year Sanchayapatra) This Sanchayapatra was introduced in 1998 Denomination: Tk.1, 00,000/-; Tk. 2, 00,000/-; Tk. 5, 00,000/- and 10, 00,000/-. Issue Office: National Savings Bureau, Bangladesh Bank, Schedule Bank and Bangladesh Post offices Download 3 Years Bangladesh Sanchayapatra form Who can purchase: A certificate may be purchased by any of the following, namely- A single adult; A minor; Two adults in their joint names and An adult on behalf of-a single minor, two minor jointly, himself/herself and a minor jointly and any lunatic of whom he is the guardian or manager appointed by a court of law. How to Purchase: To submit a dully fill-up prescribed application from (SC-1) along with photocopy of National Identity Card or Passport or Birth certificate, 02 copies of passport size photograph eac...
Subject Wise Study Resources for Banking Diploma
Examination - JAIBB
Paper 1: Principles of Economics and Bangladesh Economy
Short Notes on
Principles of Economics and Bangladesh
Economy for Banking Diploma Examination - JAIBB
Q1. Definition
of Consumer surplus or Consumer’s surplus: Consumer surplus is the difference between the maximum price a
consumer is willing to pay and the actual price they do pay. If a consumer
would be willing to pay more than the current asking price, then they are
getting more benefit from the purchased product than they initially paid.
Consumers always like to feel like they are getting a good deal on the goods
and services they buy and consumer surplus is simply an economic measure of
this satisfaction.
In economics, the satisfaction (utility) consumers
receive for which they do not have to pay for. Or, in other words, amount of
money by which consumers value a good or service over and above its purchase
price.
Example of Consumer’s surplus: Assume a consumer goes out shopping for a CD player
and he or she is willing to spend $250. When this individual finds that the
player is on sale for $150, economists would say that this person has a
consumer surplus of $100.
Q2. Cash
Reserve Ratio or CRR: CRR, or Cash
Reserve Ratio, is the portion of deposits that the banks have to maintain with
the Central Bank. This serves as a measure to control inflationary forces in
economy. Present rate of CRR is 6.5%.
The cash reserve ratio or CRR is a central bank
regulation employed by most, but not all, of the world's central banks, that
sets the minimum fraction of customer deposits and notes that each commercial
bank must hold as reserves. These required reserves are normally in the form of
cash stored physically in a bank vault or deposits made with a central bank.
Example of CRR:
For example, if the reserve ratio in the Bangladesh
is determined by the Fed to be 6.5%, this means all banks must have 6.5% of
their depositors' money on reserve in the bank. So, if a bank has deposits of
Tk. 1 billion, it is required to have Tk. 6.5 million on reserve.
Q3. Index
Number: Definition, example and Difficulties of Index Number.
Index numbers are a simple way of making it easier to
compare numbers over a period of time. Index numbers measure relative changes
in the price of a sum of representative data.
An index number is an economic data figure reflecting
price or quantity compared with a standard or base value. The base usually
equals 100 and the index number is usually expressed as 100 times the ratio to
the base value. Index numbers are used especially to compare business activity,
the cost of living, and employment. They enable economists to reduce unwieldy
business data into easily understood terms.
For example, if a commodity costs twice as much
in 1990 as it did in 1980, its index number would be 200 relative to 1980.
Difficulties in Using Index Numbers:
The most commonly used index number is the Consumer
price index. However, this also presents a problem when trying to use an index
to measure changes in the cost of living.
One basic difficulty is that the goods bought are
constantly changing. Therefore, measuring changes in price is not an accurate
reflection of what is happening because the quality of goods may be changing.
Q4. Cross-Price
Elasticity of Demand: Definition, example and formula of Cross-Price Elasticity
of Demand.
In economics, the cross elasticity of demand or
cross-price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the demand for
a good to a change in the price of another good. It is measured as the
percentage change in demand for the first good that occurs in response to a
percentage change in price of the second good.
If two goods are substitutes, we should expect to see
consumers purchase more of one good when the price of its substitute increases.
Similarly if the two goods are complements, we should see a price rise in one
good cause the demand for both goods to fall.
For example, if, in response to a 10% increase
in the price of fuel, the demand of new cars that are fuel inefficient
decreased by 20%, the cross elasticity of demand would be: \frac{-20 \%}{10
\%}=-2.
The formula used to
calculate the coefficient cross elasticity of demand is
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| Figure: Formula of Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand |
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